![]() The Montecristo brand of cigars derives its name for the fondness that cigar makers had for listening to The Count of Monte Cristo. As of 2017, UNESCO is considering designating the profession a form of " intangible cultural heritage". Lectores often take on extra-official roles and formerly acted as "spurs to dissent". Lectores, and their reading material, are chosen by the workers of the cigar factory. Lectores were introduced in 1865 to educate and relieve boredom among cigar workers. The practice apparently originated in Cuba. In the United States, the custom was common in the cigar factories of Ybor City in Tampa but was discontinued after the Ybor City cigar makers' strike of 1931. Historically, lectors (known as lectores in Cuba) or readers in a cigar factory entertained workers by reading books or newspapers aloud, often left-wing publications, paid for by unions or by workers pooling their money. Revista online con publicaciones de actualidad sobre el mercado de los productos ecológicos. ![]() El mercado de los cosméticos y el cuidado personal en Polonia 2016 Biokurier. This is the standard localization technique on Polish television and (as an option) on many DVDs full dubbing is generally reserved for children's material.Ĭigar production A lector reader, Tampa January 1909 Polish Association of Cosmetics and Detergent Industry The Polish Union of Cosmetics Industry Estudio de mercado ICEX. A lektor is a (usually male) reader who provides the Polish voice-over on foreign-language programmes and films where the voice-over translation technique is used. In Polish, lektor is also used to mean "off-screen reader" or "voice-over artist". The lector proclaims the Scripture readings used in the Liturgy from the official liturgical book ( lectionary). The lector has a comparable set of tasks as (higher ranked) full professors at a (research) university, albeit at an applied rather than a fundamental scientific level.Ī religious reader is sometimes referred to as a lector. In Dutch higher education the title lector is used for the leader of a research group at a university of applied science. In the teaching of modern languages at universities in the United Kingdom, a native speaker who assists with language skills may be called a lecteur/lectrice or Lektor/Lektorin. There is also the title lector jubilate, which is an equivalent of Doctor of Divinity. The title lector may be applied to lecturers and readers at some universities. In modern languages it takes various forms, as either a development or a loan, such as French: lecteur, English: lector, Polish: lektor and Russian: лектор. Lector is Latin for one who reads, whether aloud or not. ![]() JSTOR ( January 2009) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Perhaps an English equivalent would be when someone puts one’s hands against one’s ears, saying “I can’t hear you”.This article needs additional citations for verification. * Terefere dudki is something children say in a silly banter about who’s right or wrong. – This show is dedicated to translators of dialogues in American movies. (In case you need a translation from Polish it’s provided below.) Translation: This show parodies the fact that English swearing words tend to be omitted in translation, which, in itself, is a curious cultural occurrence, since Poles are much more lenient in censuring sex and nudity than Americans or even Brits, but much more strict when it comes to curses and violence. ![]() The majority of foreign films in Polish TV are neither subtitled or dubbed, but read aloud by a ‘lektor’. Poles love laughing at themselves, and approximately 90% of jokes are at their own expense.Īlthough it’s not easy to translate something so culturally specific, Maciej Stuhr’s “Lektor” should be understood to anyone who knows even very little of Polish. It’s full of cultural references and it’s a commentary on politics and the society. It’s more like Monty Python or Rowan Atkinson’s stage shows. The Polish Cabaret is something entirely different than the French one.
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